Occupational Research Report A Career as an Architect Essays

This Occupational Research Report is based on the career information obtained on the occupation of architecture. if focuses on the potential career of being an architect, the steps leading to obtaining a position and training, as well as the future growth and outlook of this occupation. According to Lee W. Waldrep (2010), author of the book Becoming an Architect: A Guide to Careers in Design, an architect is an imaginative person who designs a wide spectrum of structures for buildings (Waldrep, 2010, p 2). These structures must meet safety requirements in addition to being aesthetically pleasing. Architects must compete with other architects to attract clients by presenting designs. This process generally rests on building a good†¦show more content†¦The average salary of an architect ranges from a minimum of $30,000 in the nation and to an average of $66,000 in Oregon, according to Architecture Career: Salary, last updated in April of 2010, a website that provides information for individuals with an interest in architecture as a career (see chart on website). The work environment for an architect is generally more relaxed in order to allow the architect to design easier, this means that the architect may be spending ours in an office or design space, in the initial stages of design. The architect may be required to be present during the different stages of construction and thus be at the mercy of weather and construction conditions. Architects also must interact with many groups of people such as city officials, clients, engineers, etc. which provides for a dynamic work environment. According to the Career Education Advisor, a website that offers information about a variety of careers, last updated in 2007, the Architect Future Career Outlook predicted that architectural occupations will grow in the next ten years. The numbers of individuals with certifications and university degrees are increasing as well as the number of applicants for architectural positions have increased. As the level of building increases so will the need for architects of all kinds. This offers for a competitive but secure job outlook because there is always a need for building andShow MoreRelatedComputer Information And The Byu Idaho Catalog1343 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Information and Networking is a large and growing field that provides those with the appropriate skills and education a wide range of possible job opportunities. The BYU Idaho catalog has the following to say about careers in Computer Information Technologies: Careers in CIT are dynamic. New challenges and opportunities await you every day. Working in a team, you will interact cooperatively with the management, customers, clients, and other information technology professionals to determineRead MoreThe Position Of Corporate Security1468 Words   |  6 Pagesare expected to continue in years to come. Without proper security, businesses may suffer the potential consequences of operational risks, making the position of corporate security manager vital for their success and safety. In conducting research, I discovered the potential consequences of not securing your business, and the importance of protecting the resources contained within your business, making it apparent businesses will require those with the expertise to handle these threats. SoRead MoreEvaluating The Field Best Acceptable For The Client s Profile2404 Words   |  10 PagesRichard Dear Professor Richard This report presents information which job are better between two different careers to be discussed by our client and suggest about the field best acceptable to the client s profile. This is a copy of the report Recommendations on Career Options†. In this report, it has been collected from credible sources and can trust this accurate information. This information sources also will help that the client decide to choose a career as review. For any question, please contactRead MoreRecommendations on Career Options2658 Words   |  11 PagesRecommendations on Career Options Dear , Enclosed is a copy of the report Recommendations on Career Options. This report presents information about the two employment opportunities discussed by our client and makes recommendation about the field best suited to the clients profile. 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Chapter 4 4.1. The Role and responsibilities of the Project Manager 16-28 4.2. Top 10 Qualities of a Project Manager 29-32 4.3 Advices from Project Managers 4.3.1.What to do 32 4.3.2. What not to do 33 4.3.3.Being the best 33 5.Chapter 5 5.1. conclusion 34 Report proposal Introduction The use of projects and Project Management continuesRead MoreOperation Management of a Garments Factory of Bangladesh11569 Words   |  47 Pagesnow. Employee wants a good career, a good organization. Proper training and development can not only build the employees career but also improve the organization growth. Another reason for employee training and development is that the organizations must have employees who are able to quickly adapt to an ever-changing world market. 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The Use Of Personal Digital Assistants, Or Pdas, By...

There has been increase in the use of personal digital assistants, or PDAs, by individuals Traumatic Brain Injury or TBI. These devices are being used to help TBI patients with everyday activities such as keeping up with appointments, medication management, daily tasks, etc. Due to behavioral memory deficits that are common among TBI patients, these daily activities are difficult for these individuals. In the past â€Å"low-tech† items were used such as daily planners and strategically placed notes, but due to the growth of â€Å"high-tech† instruments, such as smartphones, personal computers, and PDAs, the â€Å"low-tech† devices are being used less (Gentry, Wallace, Kvarfordt, Lynch 2008 19-24). In the early stages of high-tech device use among TBI patients there were three popular computer programs that were used, but they were contained to desktop computers, which makes them useless outside of the individual’s home. Once PDA’s were introduce d these programs became obsolete. An early study of PDA use included the use a program called Psion Organizer. The study found that most TBI patients with memory deficits preferred the PDA and Psion Organizer over other low tech instruments. The Psion Organizer software is no longer available and been replaced with other software such as Palm systems. There has not been a study done on the Palm operating system. Research has been done on software specifically developed for TBI patients(Gentry, Wallace, Kvarfordt, Lynch 2008 19-24). The studyShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Outline Of A Rough Draft - 940 Words

Memoir Rough Draft I don’t remember if it was my choice or my parents, but in 5th grade when we were given the choice to be in band, I was very anxious to start. We got to meet with Mrs. Jones and try a few different instruments before making a decision. My top three choices were percussion, trombone, and clarinet (only because my sister had played it). I tried the clarinet first and thought it was alright, but not my favorite. I tried the trombone next, and while it was difficult, I really wanted to keep trying. I also tried percussion- she just had me keep a beat on my leg- and I thought percussion may be difficult for me, but I still wanted to do it. In the end, Mrs. Jones decided I would be best fit for the clarinet, mostly because I could use my sisters and not have to buy a new instrument. I was happy with the choice, mostly because I was excited to be playing anything! Throughout my 5th grade year, I practiced the clarinet and made my way through our first book. I enjoyed band class and lessons, especially getting to be with some of my friends, but I kept thinking about the trombone. I still wanted to play it. By the end of the year, I made up my mind. I was going to play the trombone. I talked to my parents, and my mom talked to Mrs. Jones, allowing me to take the school’s trombone home over the summer between 5th and 6th grade. The first day I got it, I couldn’t contain my excitement. I took it right out of the case and put it together. I was at my parents’ work,Show MoreRelatedOutline Of A Project Rough Draft Essay2137 Words   |  9 PagesGroup Members: Dustin Ballard Caroline Fraser Thomas Lichtenberger Brandon Mendoza Project Rough Draft SOURCES COUNT: (7/10 minimum) With the increase in humans populating the planet, there comes a need for more and more resources, as well as more highways for transportation, leading to more cars on the road, and ultimately more greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas activity is obtained by subtracting the long wave radiation which escapes the earth from the estimated radiation emitted by theRead MoreGrade Deflation Rough Draft : Outline1043 Words   |  5 PagesKenneth A. Hicks Prof. Erika Jo Brown HYBRID ENGL 1303 September 30, 2015 Grade Deflation Rough Draft Imagine you have an essay due in two weeks, and you work on it day and night, run it through professors and friends for them to tell you what you think, and you do an extensive research to have supporting facts about what you are writing about. Your essay is immaculate, it has everything the professor asked for in the grading rubric. When you receive your grade, however, you are disappointed, youRead MoreSummary of Writing Drafts by Richard Marius Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 23, 2012 My own summarization of, â€Å"Writing Drafts†, By Richard Marius This article is about Richard Marius and the processes he uses in his own writings. 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HavingRead MoreThe Importance Of Academic Writing1187 Words   |  5 Pagescreating an outline. Depending on the professors’ preferences, they may require a true formal outline, while others only require a loose, less organized outline. Students must use this outline to organize information in order of relevancy to their papers. Upon completion of the outline, students must then begin their rough drafts. While writing the rough draft, students should and will reference back to the completed outline. Learning how to reference back to other sources, in this sense, an outline, isRead MoreWhy Is It Assists Me? Developing Better Organizational And Planning Skills?978 Words   |  4 Pagesstated, the next step would be making an outline on all of the information that you have gathered. The main purpose of an outline is to help you organize your paper by checking to see how your ideas connect to each other, or whether you will need to introduce a new point that previously hasn’t been stated. 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Construction of Olympic Games Competition

Question: Write an essay which critically evaluates the economic, environmental social impacts on Brazil of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and how any lessons learned could possibly be applied to the forthcoming 2016 Olympic Games? Answer: International events and festivals have always been some of the most awaited events by the people across the world. Principal attractive features of the events for are considered while advertised o the internet, television, reality shows and social media. In case of most of the international events, celebrities from different field are appointed such as sports, music, business, fashion etc for advertising and promoting the events. It has been found that these factors attract people as they like to enjoy the performance and get engaged emotionally. After all, the main aim of this type of events is to attract individuals throughout the world, to make the event colorful in all dimensions. International events and festivals have different impacts including both positive and negative impacts on that particular place, society and economy (Alpert, 1994). It has been observed that most of these effects may be prominent even before the occurrence of the event. In most cases, such events influence the stakeholders including the participants, local businesses and the host community. Prior to the event, some events will create a positive impact and some will create a negative impact on the stakeholders. Preparing for such event can be very overwhelming as many of the organizers want to make the event multicultural and they would not want a situation that would disappoint their participants. This experience in most cases should be treated as an adventure such that most of the individuals who will wish to attend will have a lot to see and the experience should be unique and enjoyable. From the government to the local community, everyone takes part in preparing the event to make its unfolding as high as expected. As most of the visitors come from foreign countries, various things such as immigrations passports, transportation and accommodation must be considered. The host should have the ability to gauge the average number of people who might be attending the event and therefore, organize their affordable accommodations. The investors can get an opportunity to generate significant profit by offering best accommodation to their guests. Hence, the international events and festivals can contribute in the tourism industry as well as the allied industry of the economy. The local tourism sector can gain significant advantages from these events as the visitors of the events are alos interested to travel and explore different part of the countries. According to Forbes (2014), World Cup 2014 was indeed overwhelming for Brazilians and they were not able to provide enough accommodation for all the people who visited the country during the event and most of them had to share hotel rooms. Another aspect i s that the hotel industry had capitalized the opportunity and increased the rate of hotel services (Goyal, 2010). It has been found that the visitors from different nations blamed the government as it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that the visitors get proper accommodation. The visitors were frustrated as their expenditure exceeded the budget as they got exploited. The government needs to be very strict about the immigration matters. This would help in controlling the number of people visiting the country as well as help in understanding their intentions and needs. Moreover, it is important ensure that they has potential monitor the activities of the guests. This would also assure a good estimation of the possible revenue and income prior to the event. Issues regarding security breach may lead to various problems and the country will encounter significant loss and incur uncontrolled expenses. The major responsibility of the Immigration Ministry is to serve the gu ests efficiently so that it makes them feel welcomed in the host country, and they can roam around peacefully within the nation. In order to offer highest level of enjoyment during the rip, the host nation need to focus on training the guides who will assists the guests from various locations. The guides will provide maps and guide them regarding the different areas which can be visited. Additionally, they will explain the cultural aspects o the host nation for ensuring safe and sound stay in the host country. Some of the attendees experience the cultural shock while most people experience the physical and psychological shocks when visiting a new nation having different culture and environment. Most of the guest sometimes might find a culture entirely different from what they were expecting and sometimes they tend to be affected by some things such as health issues, loss of appetite or excess fatigue. Such issues must be considered by the organizers of the international events and festivals and medical staff must be appointed for providing medical services to the visitors (Douglas, 2011). Travelling abroad and leaving your safe place can cause serious difficulties for some people. It is important for the organizers to address the cultural shock of the visitors. Later, the visitors start adapting the new things of the new country and they start enjoying the festival. At this point of time, the visitors start appreciating the services received and accept the eating and drinking habits along with the customs of the host nation. Thus, the emotions of the visitors become stable. This stage can be invested for attracting the visitors even when no international events or festival takes place. A good organization of services such as tourism and instruction for guests provide the essential background in organizing the FIFA World Cup. This event was one of the crucial events undertaken by the government of nation for making it huge succes. This primary aim was to provide a high quality and competent service for the guests so as to reinforce the nation's picture as a perfect holiday destination (Goyal, 2010). More than 16 600 people were enrolled in the program during these preparations. Additional taxi drivers, tour agent, civil and military police, city police and fire department and the reaction unit to guarantee the wellbeing of the entire event was assured and they were all trained to welcome visitor during the World Cup. Health and safety are the most fundamental factors during the preparation of any local or international event and the moment these factors are assured, all the guests find a good time to enjoy their stay in the host country (Getz, 1997). It is suggested that the visitors must be careful regarding their health so that they can enjoy the events. Moreover, the guests are always advised to ask for assistance from the tourist guide who will help in identifying unsafe places. It also should be a concern to understand the real motive of their guests visiting the festivals since some of them disguise as tourist with the intention of taking advantage of the significant event to make crimes and stealing from the other guest, some of them involve in the drug traffic and all sorts of illegal trades. The guests are advised not to travel alone especially at night, avoid public demonstrations such as the one which took place in Sao Paulo ahead of the World Cup opening ceremony and because tourism w ould be more approachable by thieves. They were advised to keep their bags zipped and wear the shoulder strap of a bag across the chest and always carry the hotel name, address and telephone number with them, written in the local language. They should always keep the door locked all the times at the hotel. For example, during FIFA World Cup tournament in Brazil, a lot of preparation had to be made to assure the security of the tourists, especially in Rio de Janeiro and they even had to install electronic devices such as CCTV to assist in enhancing safety in the town (Kassens-Noor, 2012). Strategic plan is an essential element of the event management procedure which makes all the staffs engaged during the preparation of the events. Staff engagement generates additional inputs and helps to build the commitment to the end plan. For such an international festival, all the process should run as planned, and all the activities should be highly designed to avoid bad reviews and experiences for the guests. It is essential to provide all the stakeholders of the event the planning of the strategy and involving them in any changes that are taking place that is providing insight into issue, challenges, concern and opportunities which may not have been known or fully understood by al the personnel in the bid to make the event successful (Kegley, 1975). Strategic planning can only be successful when both bottom up and top down communication approach is implemented while the event is being organized. It begins with a correspondence to all levels of representatives by educating them about all the procedures and the way they will be handling the guests and always take the event as if it is their own. This virtue will encourage the guests in the host country since they will enjoy the hospitality given to them, and they will want always want to come back due to the cooperation they were offered. When the event is taking place, there are many factors that take place contributing positively or negatively to the society and in the host country. Hosting major sporting events such as World Cup tournaments can give many economic, social and cultural benefits, however the cost of hosting is also quite high but there are different factors which determine whether the benefits outweigh the costs. There various advantages of hosting an international event which includes: Enhances the Country Profile - This can lead to significant economic benefits, for example, cities which host the Olympic, and World Cup tournaments eventually experiences significant improvement in the tourism industry and better recognition across the globe. They become famous all over the world, and even people will keep coming to visit those cities and even consider investing in different business. For a country like China with a controversial human right record, hosting major festivals and sporting events can be a ways to gain greater international acceptance (Masterman, 2004). When South Africa hosted world Rugby Cup and later football world cup, it was the defining moment of this country in highlighting the new Post-apartheid South Africa and this raised profile can be essential for giving economic benefits such as attracting tourist and business investment. Since that world cup event, the country has been hosting other major events and it has been found that US president was present during Mandelas Burial ceremony. However, even hosting commonwealth games can be beneficial for a city like Manchester, which has been significantly benefited from hosting games, despite persistent rain. In case of Brazil, it has been observed that the economy of the nation was significantly improved after international events. It helped in enhancing the infrastructure and it will host Olympic games and World Cup tournaments in future. Long term investment - a significant benefit for long term investment is enjoyed by the host country. The long term investment is associated with the preparation of the international events. For example, most of the investment is employed for building stadium, hotels, and all the social amenities and other essential infrastructure which are permanent. Hence, later the country will have the privilege to host other international events and different sporting venues. For instance, there has been significant investment and transport projects in London and, therefore, most of the Olympic Games have been hosted in that city. This will leave an enduring legacy for the residents of London (Preuss, 2013). For example Maracana Stadium was one of the prestigious stadiums that hosted 2014 World Cup game in Brazil in Rio De Janeiro and has since been long-term investments of the Brazil and they can organize many events of such kind in the same ground not forgetting cozy hotels, thriving business environment, and advanced infrastructure. Short term economic benefits: The Olympics events will see a surge in visitors, athletes, and media personalities and it will be associated with higher level of spending and infusion of cash into the neighborhood economy, this is brought about the rise in the business opportunity brought about by the even, for instance during the 2014 World Cup tournament economy increase due to the foreign exchange in the country and improvement of different communication, transport and banking industries, although it is in short time the drastic change cannot be measured. Enthusiasm - It has been found that there are various reason to not to host major sporting activities. For example, too much debt and many challenges such as security and, immoralities that come along with such events but such major sporting and any other kind of festivals can create enthusiasm and excitement for such an event (Preuss, 2013). It helps to promote sport which has a lasting benefit for the health of the nation and incase the host country suffers from racial crises, such events brings together people with the intention to support their team without caring the race one comes from thus promoting Civic Virtues. Jobs and investment Long term and short term investments in the event organizing economies will help in creating jobs and relatively depressed cities. This was an extraordinary claim made by the London Olympics, after choosing a site in East London which at the time was relatively depressed. The same case as in Brazil where the choose cities such as Saul Paulo. It is estimated that World Cup tournament created approximately 8000 full-time jobs and assisted in boosting up the economy which led to the output of approximatley $2bn. There are several disadvantages of hosting major international events and festivals which includes: Cost of building stadiums and other infrastructure- In order to host a major sporting event like Olympics or World Cup tournament significant amount of money is required by the nation and the amount has to be paid by the taxpayers. It has been observed that these festivals and international events tend to exceed the budgeted cost. For a case of Brazil, indeed before the world container started in June it was clear that there were real issues with a few of the 12 stadiums Brazil either redesigned or constructed new to host the competition. In addition to the construction and the delays and concerns about the Brazil would do with no less than four of the stadiums once the four- week tournament ended, and also there were concerns about raising costs that had far exceeded original predictions (Alpert, 1994). There were claims of the mismanagement of funds to be used for the renovation and construction of these stadiums as a report by Reuters published that the total stadium cost was $8.4 4bn which was far exceeding the predicted value of $2.1 bn. Of the 35 public transportation projects only 5 were completed a month before the tournament as was reported by Reuters and again of the 25 airports upgrades promised only 14 were finished, and none of the incomplete public transit project was finished. The far-fetched idea that this projects will be of benefit to the country in the future was the truth, but it was really straining the economy and even the taxpayers. Short term use- Though it has been observed that the both short term and long term investments helps in improving the infrastructure, most of the capital is invested for short term purposes. For example in 2014 world cup tournament most of the stadiums were to be used only in a 4-week session. Most of the facilities build during this session might not be used in the near future (Radnedge, 2014). This problem can be mitigated by careful planning. For example, London Olympics stadium will be used for West Ham and other Olympic facilities, like Olympics village will be converted into affordable housing. This will enable the government to avoid excessive cost related to the international event which can be only used once. For a country like Brazil, they should mobilize other tournaments with their neighboring countries so that most of these facilities are at operation and in this case they will be able to generate some income and even create employment. Potential for adverse publicity- holding international event one should be aware of the different opinions by different people according to the services given to them, some of the media are just there to criticize the effort of the government to make the festivals full of fun and even comparing the previous even with the current event. The organizers should clearly understand this, and they should come up with measures to avoid such situations to take place. They ought to strive to make things work out as planned since the country will enjoy positive publicity, and the vice versa is true. For example, Delhi suffered negative publicity over the state of its facilities at the Commonwealth Games. Winter Olympics has gotten antagonistic attention due to the corruption and the cost over-runs. Cost of security and high taxes to fund the incurred costs- major international festivals have to make arrangement for high level of security. This is both the cost to restrict freedom of movement of local citizens during games to give chances to the tourist coming in (Goyal, 2010). These overwhelming activities most of the times suffers from the security breach and if not well catered them might also bring about negative publicity. In most of these countries like Brazil, taxes were reported to have doubled in most case is to assist financing the high expenditure incurred by the government. For the sake of the forthcoming Rio 2016 Olympic games the government should be aware of various challenges which was encountered during the 2014 World Cup tournament and they should make proper arrangements and planning which will help in avoiding the excessive cost. The controlled expenditure will help in conducting the event within the budget and the investment can be used for longer term. This will assist to avoid straining the taxpayers (Walker, 2012). The issue of security should be well addressed, and accommodation of the people who will attend the event this will ensure the image of Brazil is maintained, and it will also encourage more people to be visiting the country. The fact that the country will maintain a good reputation will also encourage other international events to be hosted in the country and thus gaining more revenue In conclusion, it can be stated that the international event helps in uniting world as the international events and festivals give a chance to bring most of the countries at a common point and enjoy the event together. It also gives an opportunity for interracial mingling, and people belonging to different cultural background can share their diversity and uniqueness. These events attracts people from all walks of life and it has been seen as the most efficient way of eliminating the hatred of mankind where some of the whites tends to believe they cannot share a meal with a black but in this situation they share the same roof with the aim of competing with their countries. The aftermath of these festivals is learning how other countries handle life and even learn more efficient ways to compete even in business without any hatred and mutual cohesion to make the world a better place to live and ability to live any part of the world without fear or intimidation. References: 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Action Plan: Construction of Olympic Games Competition Venues and Related Facilities. (2008). Chinese Law Government, 41(4), pp. 15-19. Alpert, M. (1994).A New worldwide history of the Spanish Civil War. New York: St. Martin's Press. Douglas, L. (2011). Zero-waste Olympic Games [waste management]. Engineering Technology, 6(12), pp. 46-47. Getz, D. (1997). Event management event tourism. New York: Cognizant Communication Corp. Goal, S. (2010). Event management. New Delhi: Adhyayan Publishers Distributors. Holt, N. (n.d.). The mammoth book of the World Cup. Hurley, M. (n.d.). World Cup 2014. Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Planning Olympic legacies. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Kegley, C. (1975). Universal occasions and the relative investigation of remote strategy. Columbia, S.C.: Published for the Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, by the University of South Carolina Press. Masterman, G. (2004). Strategic sports event management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Preuss, H. (2013). The high Contribution of the FIFA World Cup and the well known Olympic Games has facilitated to Green Economy. Sustainability, 5(8), pp.3581-3600. Radnedge, K. (n.d.). The authority 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil reality record. Walker, J. (2012). Introduction to hospitality management. [s.l.]: Prentice Hall.

Second Language Acquisition an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Second Language Acquisition Introduction Need essay sample on "Second Language Acquisition" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Learning a second language in adolescence or adulthood often proves a serious challenge for people. To realize what difficulties are involved in the process, researchers need to examine first of all factors of language acquisition, including contextual, social, and psychological ones. Popular theories of effective domain, cognitive styles and multiple intelligences in second language acquisition can also shed light on the dynamics and causes of the process. Factors Of Language Acquisition Second language acquisition can be influenced by a variety of factors: Language Distance: learners will find it easier to master the language that is genealogically related to their own than one that has a different alphabet, grammar, vocabulary etc. Thus, it is easier for a German to pick up English than for a Chinese person. The Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, introduced a system in which languages are placed in four categories depending on their average learning difficulty from the perspective of a native English speaker (Walqui, 2000). Students Very Often Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay today? Writers recommend: Follow Essaylab Writing Service Cheap Essays Within Hours Professional Writing Services Pay For Essay Papers Write My Essay Online Reviews Native language proficiency: The better the student is acquainted with the academic learning of the mother tongue, its grammatical features, and various academic refinements, the easier it will be to master a forein language (Walqui, 2000). Language Attitudes: It is necessary to understand how a person perceives learning a new language. Thus, students need to understand that learning a second language does not mean giving up one's first language or dialect (Walqui, 2000). Motivation: Motivation, connected to language attitudes, means that students with more enthusiasm for learning will acquire language more quickly. Socio-Psychological Aspects In Second Language Acquisition. Apart from contextual and other factors, there are also factors directly related to social and psychological aspects of personal development. Each inpidual comes to language learning equipped with a certain set of psychological and social characteristics that directly affect this persons process of language acquisition. Among others, there are the following factors that have direct impact on language learning: Age: Although this is debatable, many linguists believe in Noam Chomskys Universal Grammar theory that posits the presence of a special language learning ability that allows a human to acquire a variety of languages as mother tongues (bilingualism) if this happens before a certain age. Similarly, many researchers of the second language acquisition process believe that there is a biological timetable for optimal language learning that stymies the efforts of adolescents and young adults to acquire language (Clyne, n.d., p. 1). An Affective Filter: Stephen Krashen has advanced a theory according to which second language acquisition is guided by an affective filter that includes the variables of motivation, anxiety and self-confidence (Clyne, n.d., p. 2). Language Shock: a concept advanced by John Shulmann meaning the fear of making a fool of oneself when attempting to communicate in a second language (Clyne, n.d., p. 3). This shock can seriously impact the ability of the person to learn a new language. Effective Domain, Cognitive Styles And Multiple Intelligences In Second Language Acquisition Researchers have proposed a number of theories that strive to explain the process of languge acquisition and to propose techniques that would enhance and facilitate language learning experience. Here belongs, for instance Gardners theory of multiple intelligences that proposes the existence of a variety of different forms of intelligence manifest in each human being to a different extent. Gardner suggested a few forms of intelligence (linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (e.g., insight, metacognition) and interpersonal (e.g., social skills)) (TIP, n.d.). Thus, according to Garnder, students, depending on the type of intelligence that is best developed can learn the language most effectively through, for instance, dancing, singing, or any other type of movement (Bell, Lorenzi, 2004). The theory of cognitive styles insists that language learning has to be aligned with inpidual cognitive peculiarities of a person. A persons cognitive style can be measured according to many dimensions, including "field independence vs. dependence", "analytic vs. global processing", "cooperation vs. competition", "tolerance for ambiguity" (Oxford, 2000). The measurement of the learning style according to the Myers-Briggs Type indicator also accounts for extraversion, intuition, emotion vs. thinking, and perception vs. judgment (Oxford, 2000). Finally, cognitive science has debated whether the language acquisition is centered around a specific domain or is spread around many cognitive domains. Many cognitive scientists posit that language learning is governed by a specific domain that includes special memory processes, schema, rules and meaning structures. Reliance on this domain is what can make language learning effective. Conclusion Language learning is a complex process that is governed by an interrelated set of factors that make it a complex subject for research. Scholars by identifying factors that affect second language acquisition are able to produce recommendations that greatly facilitate the work of EFL teachers. However, the emphasis on inpidualised approach, especially visible in cognitive styles and multiple intelligences theories reminds teachers that only practitioners are able to make links between theories and practical learning. Since inpidual learning patterns are vastly different, the teacher needs to be able to recognize and accommodate this difference between learners. References Bell, N.D., & Lorenzi, D. (2004). Facilitating Second Language Acquisition in Elementary and Secondary Physical Education Classes: The Increasingly perse Student Population Makes Every Teacher a Teacher of English. JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 75 (6), pp. 46+. Clyne, S. (n.d.). Psychological Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Why Your International Students are Sundado La Gota Gorda (Sweating Buckets). Retrieved February 20, 2006. Oxford, R. (1989). The Role of Styles and Strategies in Second Language Learning. ERIC Digest. ED317087, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.translationdirectory.com/article820.htm Walqui, Ada. Contextual Factors in Second Language Acquisition. CAL Digest, September 2000, EDO-FL-00-05. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/0005contextual.html

Discuss that the imperialism should not exist essays

Discuss that the imperialism should not exist essays Imperialism is the practice of gaining colonies for money, trade, political, power. European wants Africa under development. They stop Africa from creating new market. For example, British and India had textile industry; British did not want competition of India. With its control, India had to buy England textile. Therefore, India cannot produce its own textile market. Europeans prevent other countries from creating their own market. Just because of competition for textile, British use its own power to put textile India industry down. Therefore, these poor and small countries are not able to stand their feet up. European countries first came to Africa to view the nature beauty. Then they realize that Africa is rich in natural resources that their countries do not have. Then they began to colonize Africa. For example, British is an industrialized country. It required many resources for industrialized companies, but it does not have enough resources in its own country. Instead of buying these resources from other countries, it colonized Africa to get these resources without buying it. Not only have those, nations in Europe competed to colonize expansion on Africa. Countries in Africa were not an advanced, powerful enough to stop European army. The scramble for Africa began when Henry Stanley claimed the Congo River valley for Belgium. France claimed Algeria and built the Suez Canal. Britain took Egypt in order to control the canal, which is important to shipping the resources back to their countries. Britain defeats the Boers to control of the rich resources in southern Africa. Cecil Rhodes became rich from Kimberly diamond field. Just because of natural resources that they control Africa. They should not do that. That interfere other country rights. By using their power, Europeans countries can do whatever they want. They should not take over the countries resources without paying money for that. That is not ri...

Formal Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Criticism - Essay Example This paper will use formal analysis of a selection of scenes from the film 2046 by Wong Kar-wai to highlight Sontag's objection to such analysis. The film explores the experiences surrounding the many loves of the main character, Chow Mo Wan, but doesn't give a precise meaning for the events or even the relationships themselves. The film opens with the enigmatic and multi-layered image of a large, donut-shaped object. It is dark and smooth and shiny, yet also gives the impression of the spiral form of a shell. This represents the "hole in the tree" into which, according to a story repeated by Chow several times in the film, people whisper their deepest secrets, after which they fill the hole with mud to prevent the secret from ever being discovered. As Chow talks about a woman he once loved, we see a woman from behind, whispering her secret into the hole. We don't see her face. The film is filled with images that try to enlarge and deepen the impression that human memory and meaning are limited. The settings are few; a few hotel rooms, a rooftop, streets in which all that is shown is the street light or the wall of a building, a club, a restaurant, and the futuristic train that exists within the science fiction story Chow is writing. Also simplified are the appearances of the actors, almost always shown only from the chest up. They are frequently shown alone, even while conversing with another character. The colors red and black dominate the dcor and the clothing, and dark lighting is used in the majority of the scenes. On rare occasions light colors and daytime scenes are used, as when one of the hotel owner's two young and still somewhat innocent daughters is shown dressed in light green, or when a character is seen on the hotel rooftop during the day. Similarly, worldly women, or women who become worldly during the film, almost inevitably smoke and wear red, black, or gold. Many conclusions could be drawn from such repetitive symbolic content, but from Sontag's point of view, it would be a mistake to do so. Would smoking be interpreted as worldliness at all times and in all cultures, just as the colors a woman wears would always reveal her level of morality If we allow ourselves to see the red dress and the cigarette as symbolic of something specific and universal, do we then, for instance, start to ignore the facial expressions Even here the film seems to adhere to a pattern; the majority of expression shown by the actors is whether and when they do and don't look at one another. This could be interpreted as a device of emotional distancing between people who try to avoid intimacy while at the same time desperately yearning for it. Could it be that the visual elements of the film are simplified in order to force our attention to less obvious parts of the story, or to more subtle characterizations of the actors But it could also be said that the film us es such devices in order to render a flatness and hopelessness in the storyline that lets the viewer know well in advance that there will be no happy endings here. The film doesn't defend itself against this kind of analysis. In one particularly engaging sequence, Chow is writing a futuristic story in which he imagines himself as a Japanese man riding a train into the year 2046, "the place where people go to recover memories". It is